Auracast™ is a breakthrough technology based on the Bluetooth LE Audio specification. It offers an efficient and convenient solution for public broadcasting and multi-device audio sharing, drastically transforming the way people interact with others and surrounding environment.
Realtek has launched a comprehensive solution that fully supports Auracast™ Transmitter, Receiver, and Assistant roles. This solution can assist customers in rapidly developing diverse products. In terms of technical implementation, the solution provides a wealth of interface options such as USB, Line-in, SPDIF, I2S, SPI, I8080, and QSPI, enabling flexible connections of various peripherals. It supports a variety of audio sources and display devices, capable of real-time, intuitive presentation of audio parameters and device status. At the same time, it offers convenient interactive operations, further enhancing user experience. With the high-performance MCU and powerful computing capability of the DSP, customers can rapidly and flexibly develop various Auracast™ applications, catering to diverse needs in various scenarios.
System Structure
Dual mode Bluetooth microcontroller is capable of implementing an audio transmitter that supports multiple audio input interfaces such as USB, SDIO, MIC, Line-in, SPDIF, and SPI/I2S. This capability allows the device to connect seamlessly with external audio sources including TVs, computers, and stereo systems. After receiving the audio signal, the transmitter delivers the sound to compatible Bluetooth headsets, speakers, and other receiving devices. In wireless audio transmission, this device serves various functions: As an A2DP source device, it supports wireless transmission of high-quality stereo audio to Bluetooth headphones. As an HFP Audio Gateway (AG), it enables voice communication with Bluetooth headphones via SCO/eSCO links. Additionally, the device supports the LE Audio standard, including Broadcast Audio Stream (BIS) and Connectionless Audio Stream (CIS), allowing efficient transmission of audio data from multiple sources to Bluetooth headphones and delivering a stable and high-quality wireless audio experience. The rich set of interfaces and support for multiple Bluetooth roles ensure the system's flexibility and compatibility, meeting the needs of a wide range of audio application scenarios.
The RTL87x3BFx series chips are designed specifically for Realtek's dual-mode Bluetooth Data-Transfer solutions, featuring a complete built-in Bluetooth protocol stack that supports GATT, SPP, and iAP protocols, while simultaneously supporting BR/EDR Slave, BR/EDR Master, BLE Peripheral and BLE Central roles. The chips connect to external controllers via serial interfaces and offer a rich set of flexible control commands, allowing devices to easily integrate Bluetooth functionality.
Additionally, the RTL87x3BFx series provides Bluetooth SoC Data Transfer SDK, which facilitates customization and further development of solutions, flexibly addressing diverse functional requirements for different application scenarios.
Dual mode Bluetooth microcontroller can be used to implement an audio receiver solution. It is not only capable of receiving signals from an audio transmitter, but also supports various audio input/output interfaces such as MIC, speaker, and SPI/I2S. This audio receiver serves multiple roles in wireless audio transmission. As an A2DP receiver, it can receive and play high-quality stereo audio transmitted from a mobile phone; as an HFP hands-free device (HF), it enables voice communication via the SCO/eSCO link. Additionally, the device supports the LE Audio standard, efficiently receiving both BIS and CIS audio, thereby providing a stable and high-quality wireless audio experience.
The RTL87x3, as an Auracast™ Transmitter, supports a variety of audio inputs such as USB, Line-in, SPDIF, and microphone, and can also connect to external audio processors through interfaces like I2S and SPI. While transmitting one or more audio streams for real-time listening by Auracast™ Receivers, it simultaneously broadcasts device names, audio content, and codec configuration information for Auracast™ Assistant devices to view and select.
The RTL8762EMF chip is specifically designed for smart locks, providing Bluetooth data passthrough functionality to enable wireless communication between devices.
As an Auracast™ Assistant, the RTL87x3 supports a variety of interfaces such as I8080, QSPI, etc, enabling flexible connections with various screens for intuitive browsing and control operations. The device will actively scan broadcast packets from surrounding Auracast™ transmitters and display the scanning results in real-time. After the user chooses a target channel, the Auracast™ Receiver will receive and play audio based on the configuration parameters provided by the Auracast™ Assistant.
Realtek's single-mode BLE SoC and dual-mode BT SoC platforms provide robust Bluetooth communication capabilities, integrating mainstream display interfaces and image processing engines within the chip. Coupled with a wealth of peripheral interfaces like SPI, I2C, CAN, PWM, and Keyscan, these platforms enable developers to fully unleash their creativity. The comprehensive product family makes it easy for developers to choose suitable and competitive solutions.
The Realtek SDK includes a complete user interface development toolkit, allowing developers to quickly bring their ideas to life.
The Realtek RTL87x2G integrates USB 2.0 High-Speed and 2.4GHz wireless interfaces within a single-chip architecture, delivering a smooth 8K user experience with ultra-low latency. Additionally, its rich peripheral interfaces such as SPI, QDecoder, Keyscan, I2C, GPIO, and PWM enable developers to add advanced features for product differentiation while maintaining excellent power performance. The chip, combined with the mature and comprehensive Realtek SDK, development documentation, and related tools, allows developers to quickly realize their creative ideas.
The RTL8762CKF/RTL8762DKF-VS are dedicated control chips for smart locks, primarily responsible for connecting and managing various peripheral modules to implement basic lock functions. These low-power, fast-response chips do not support security features like fingerprint recognition and must be paired with a dedicated security chip to form a complete smart lock solution.
Dual mode Bluetooth microcontroller can be utilized to build an audio transceiver solution that adopts a dual-chip architecture. In this design, two RTL87x3 chips serve as the audio transmitter and audio receiver, respectively, with bidirectional data communication achieved via SPI or I2S interfaces. It features a dual-chip architecture, with two RTL87x3 chips operating respectively as the audio transmitter and the audio receiver, enabling bidirectional data communication via SPI or I2S interfaces. In addition, the solution facilitates seamless collaboration with external processors through the UART interface, supporting stable wireless audio data transmission between multiple devices. This design enhances system scalability and allows for flexible integration with a variety of external processors to meet a broad range of application requirements.
Bluetooth dual-mode Turnkey solution The RTL8761ATT is a highly integrated dual-mode Bluetooth transmission chip with a UART interface, embedded with the SPP Server/GATT Server Bluetooth protocol stack, and supports BR/EDR Master and BLE Peripheral roles.
The RTL8761ATT provides custom Data Transfer commands. The main control chip can invoke the built-in SPP and GATT data transfer functions of the RTL8761ATT using these instructions, thereby eliminating the need for Bluetooth protocol stack transplantation at the main control end.
Furthermore, RTL8761ATT also provides usage instructions and examples for custom Data Transfer command, helping developers quickly complete the development of the data transfer function at the master control end.
As an Auracast™ Receiver, the RTL87x3 sets up a connection with the Auracast™ auxiliary device and configures based on the user's selection in the interactive interface, achieving real-time reception and playback of the selected broadcast audio.
Thread Border Routing Solutions: RTL8771GUV and RTL8771HTV
This solution supports Thread RCP products connecting to host devices such as PCs, TVs, speakers, and set-top boxes via USB or UART interfaces. Combined with the host-side Thread protocol stack and Wi-Fi/Ethernet functionality, it implements Thread Border Router functionality for cross-network communication.
Matter over Thread Device Solutions: RTL8777GKF and RTL8772GWP
This solution is suitable for Matter over Thread end devices and can be integrated into home and industrial control products, such as washing machines, air conditioners, sockets, switches, lighting, door locks, and curtains.
Thread Border Routing SoC Solutions: RTL8772GWP
This chip is not only suitable for Thread end devices but can also be used to build Thread border routers, providing a complete SoC solution without relying on host devices such as PCs, TVs, speakers, and set-top boxes.
The RTL8762 series Bluetooth Mesh solution supports the combination of advertising and GATT connections to build a mesh network, enabling the interconnection of all devices in smart home scenarios.
RTL8772GWF & RTL8762GKH are Bluetooth SoC Solutions optimized for smart locks.
RTL8772GWF features a Real-M300V 125MHz MCU (Cortex-M55 compatible) with ample SRAM resources to support fingerprint algorithm processing. It integrates hardware-level security mechanisms like Trust Zone and has obtained PSA-L2 certification, providing financial grade security for smart door lock applications. The QFN88 package offers up to 56 general purpose GPIOs, supporting rich peripheral interfaces through pin multiplexing, making it suitable as a single-chip solution for smart door locks.
RTL8762GKH also provides sufficient computing power for fingerprint algorithms while maintaining PSA-L2 security level. Its compact QFN48 package is designed for main control solutions requiring fewer peripheral interfaces.
Realtek partners with financial grade security solution providers to deliver complete security solutions from chip to system level, accelerating smart door lock product development and deployment.
Realtek offers flexible HMI system solutions with mature and stable UI designs and efficient integration technologies, helping a wide range of clients to quickly complete technology selection and enter the rapid development and acceptance phase based on their specific needs.
For gateway devices, Realtek provides cost-effective dual-frequency solutions, ensuring 100% uptime for gateway devices such as 15.4/BLE Mesh, reducing the probability of event loss. For clients with high QoS requirements, Realtek offers Ethernet interfaces to ensure more stable communication between long-distance nodes. CAN and other interface technologies provide integrated advantages for industrial users and vehicle application scenarios.
Realtek has integrated a series of mature SDKs including Wi-Fi, LWIP, Thread, Matter, Classic Bluetooth, and BLE Mesh. In terms of UI support, Realtek offers several UI engines such as Honey GUI, RVD (Realtek Visual Designer), and LVGL (Light and Versatile Graphics Library) to meet different design requirements according to client needs.
For Apple Find My tag, Gsensor and buzzer are two essential peripheral components. The typical architecture diagram is as follows:
Realtek smart watch solution based on RTL8773E uses a single BT SoC as the main controller. It connects to peripherals via interfaces such as SPIC, I2C, SPI, GPIO, I8080, MIC, and DAC, and connects to phones via Bluetooth to create a highly integrated smart watch solution.
Realtek provides reference designs, SDK, and toolchains, characterized by high integration and ease of development.
The RTL8762CMF/RTL8762EMF is a Bluetooth Low Energy SoC solution specifically designed for low-power applications. With its outstanding power management, it significantly extends the battery life of devices, making it the preferred choice for power-sensitive products.
The RTL8762CMF/RTL8762EMF can be quickly configured via AT commands, and supports BLE Peripheral and Central Roles, eliminating the need for complex development processes and shortening the product time-to-market.
Additionally, the RTL8762CMF/RTL8762EMF offers BLE SoC Data Transfer SDK, which allows users to customize and further develop their solutions, flexibly meeting diverse functional requirements for different application scenarios.
Dual mode Bluetooth microcontroller can be used to build an audio transceiver solutions. Compared to the dual-chip architecture, it utilizes a single-chip architecture that integrates both an audio transmitter and a receiver. The advantage of this solution lies in its careful optimization of system parameters, achieving a good balance between cost, bandwidth, and functionality, while integrating both transmission and reception functions, thereby reducing overall costs and simplifying the development process.
Practical Application Case
The Bluetooth Mesh 86 Box based on the RTL8762 series is a network management hub (Provisioner) with an integrated screen. It supports device provisioning, network status monitoring, and smart scenario control. Through touchscreen interaction and multi-protocol coordination capabilities, it delivers a visual, low-threshold user experience for whole-home smart systems.
1 Device Provisioning & Network Management
a. Visual onboarding guidance: One-click device discovery and addition via graphical interface.
b. Network security management: Multi-user permission control (admin/guest modes) to restrict device operation scopes.
2 Multi-mode Interaction & Control
a. Touchscreen interaction: Directly control lights and view device status via the screen.
b. Scenario quick-access: Customizable scenario panels for one-trigger multi-device coordination.
From a technical perspective, Find My tag can support both Apple Find My and Google Find My protocols, enabling the same tag to be located and searched for by both iOS and Android devices. However, in the actual implementation of the solution, how to run the two protocols on the same tag must strictly follow the protocol specifications of Apple and Google.
The Bluetooth Mesh smart lighting system based on the RTL8762 series can wirelessly receive control commands from switches, sensors, or gateways. It parses dimming instructions and responds to status queries through Lighting Models while also serving as a relay node to extend network coverage.
1. Support for Standardized & Custom Models
a. Standard Models: Supports SIG Mesh Lighting Models (on/off/brightness/color temperature control), Scene Model (scene storage), and compatibility with mainstream ecosystem commands.
b. Custom Models: Provides Vendor Model Samples to support private function definitions (e.g., special lighting effects, customized device status reporting formats).
2. Multi-mode Network Control
a. One-touch group control: Simultaneous response for 200+ lights with high consistency.
b. Group addressing: Light grouping by room/function, supporting independent or coordinated operations.
3. Smart Scenario Integration
a. Localized rules: Light sensors trigger automatic dimming (configurable thresholds).
b. Cloud integration: Implements “Sunrise Mode” gradual wake-up via weather API synchronization.
Application Scenario
Advantages of Solution
Supports all three operational modes-Auracast™ Transmitter, Receiver, and Assistant-enabling customers to flexibly design a wide range of product forms and implement complete Auracast™ application solutions.
The Mesh protocol stack, validated through real-world projects and refined with targeted optimizations, delivers exceptional communication efficiency, reliability, and stability. It supports simultaneous ADV broadcasting and GATT connections, meeting the high-efficiency communication demands of large-scale applications.
Supports Mainstream Display Interfaces on the Market.
The MCU is ARM Cortex processor, with optional main frequency of 40MHz ~ 90MHz and optional SRAM 104KByte ~ 192Kbyte. Supports hardware AES/ECC, very suitable for algorithm-intensive application scenarios. Supports Bluetooth 5.0, ultra-low power consumption.
A 2.5D hardware graphics engine that supports rendering, scaling, rotating, deforming, and other processing of graphics.
Realtek's chip series delivers outstanding low-power performance, enabling smart locks to operate reliably over extended periods while maintaining stable functionality.
High-speed USB and 2.4G interfaces providing 8K polling rate.
Featuring a high-performance GPU acceleration engine, it supports hardware-accelerated 2.5D graphics rendering, integrated alpha blending and anti-aliasing algorithms, vector font acceleration, and delivers exceptional pixel fill rate efficiency-significantly enhancing the visual experience of embedded GUI systems.
Support multiple Data-Transfer solutions, including Bluetooth Low Energy SoC and Bluetooth Dual Mode Turnkey/SoC options, to meet various application needs and provide flexible solutions.
Equipped with an extensive range of audio input/output interfaces, including MIC, USB, Line-in, SPDIF, SDIO, SPI, and I2S.
Sufficient MCU and DSP resources enable fast response to multi-tasks and efficient processing of audio algorithms.
Support multiple screen-pulling interfaces: SPI/QSPI/8080/RGB565/RGB888…
Highly integrated with various peripheral interfaces such as SPI, QDecoder, I2C, PWM, GPIO, and display interfaces.
Realtek's Bluetooth technology ensures a stable connection between the lock and paired devices, delivering rapid response at short range, enhancing both user experience and security.
Support a UART interface with baud rates up to 2Mbps, including the UART H4 protocol and hardware flow control.
Embedded a comprehensive Bluetooth protocol stack supporting GATT, SPP, and iAP protocols.
CPU computing power and MCU memory provide sensor algorithms or external device control capabilities.
Use one BLE SoC to actualize a single-chip solution, BLE connection and other functions. High degree of integration, extremely reduce the cost of the solution.
The solution has been integrated with multiple IoT smart ecosystem platforms, achieved mass production shipments, and is mature and stable.
Highly integrates various peripheral interfaces such as SPI, I2C, GPIO, CAN, PWM, and Keyscan interface.
Offers a variety of audio input interfaces including USB, Line-in, SPDIF, and microphone, along with general-purpose digital interfaces such as GPIO, I2C, UART, and SPI, facilitating system expansion and feature integration.
Offers a comprehensive solution covering gateway, device, and mobile app platforms. With proven expertise across all three terminal domains, it accelerates the rapid deployment of diverse projects.
The Find My SDK has fully implemented the dual protocols of Apple Find My and Google Find My, which is stable and reliable. Customers only need to do secondary development of application layer functions.
DSP computing power provides powerful speech and audio processing capabilities.
With exceptional reception sensitivity and TX power, it achieves industry-leading Bluetooth throughput and transmission distance.
Whether for entry-level or high-end smart locks, Realtek's chip series provides seamless compatibility, meeting diverse user demands.
While delivering high performance, it also exhibits excellent power consumption characteristics.
Support multiple communication protocols such as Classic BluetoothBluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Thread, Matter and 2.4G.
Supports 2.5D display effect and hardware-level lossless image data compression; supports dual-helmet two-way local voice communication.
Supports both Classic Bluetooth and Low Energy Bluetooth, including Classic Audio and LE Audio modes, utilizing the latest technologies to meet product requirements.
RTL87x3 provides excellent screen support, compatible with mainstream interfaces like I8080 and QSPI, allowing developers to easily connect and drive various displays. The bundled Honey GUI development framework further simplifies UI development, supporting multiple display modes and components to help build intuitive and dynamic graphical user interfaces.
Accommodates various architectures such as audio transmitters, audio receivers, dual-chip audio transceivers, and single-chip audio transceivers, significantly expanding its range of applications.
Realtek offers well-developed SDKs and detailed technical documentation, helping customers streamline functional development, testing, and mass production, reducing time to market.
Comprehensive SDK development package and online documentation, along with flexible UI development options including Honey GUI, RVD, and LVGL, help customers accelerate project implementation.
BLE/2.4G/high-speed USB interfaces highly integrated on a single chip, providing product applications across various platforms.
A comprehensive SDK development package, accompanied with mobile app project, streamlines customer project development process and accelerates project implementation.
Supports interfaces such as GPIO/I2C/SPI/UART/ADC/DAC/MIC/I2S/SPIC/DC, and can be externally connected to a wide range of devices.
Full-featured SDK/HDK/Tools development kits, with supporting mobile phone APP engineering, which greatly reduces customer's development workload and accelerates the implementation of project.
A fully functional Mesh SDK development kit that supports the development of Provisioner and Device in Mesh networks, and provides rich product prototype projects to help developers easily build and expand various device products.
Built-in lithium battery charging management module supports constant current charging mode with a maximum charge current of up to 300mA.
The Comprehensive SDK packages are provided, including sample code for Auracast™ Transmitter, Receiver, and Assistant roles, as well as mobile app SDKs and OTA upgrade tools—significantly lowering the development barrier and accelerating time to market.
Includes Bluetooth LE Bluetooth Legacy Audio、LE Audio, Implement product requirements with the latest technology.
Certified by Allion Labs and widely validated in the market.
From solution selection to certification services, Realtek ensures fast and high-quality support at every stage, empowering customers to succeed.
Versatile IC packaging can be flexibly used in a variety of different applications.
Fully-featured SDK, including a variety of product prototype projects and mobile App SDK, OTA Tool, significantly reduces the design time and accelerates project mass production.
A comprehensive mobile SDK (supporting iOS/Android) with full-featured device management and control capabilities, featuring an intuitive user interface and scalable architecture to help developers quickly create stable and high-efficiency mobile applications.
A fully functional SDK development package that includes complete product prototype engineering, mobile APP SDK, OTA tools, and production tools, Provides an RVD graphical interface design tool, reducing customer development work and accelerating project implementation.
A wide range of IC packages can be flexibly used in various applications.
Provide HDK and a fully functional SDK development package that includes complete product prototype engineering, mobile APP SDK, OTA tools, and production tools, reducing customer development work and accelerating project implementation.
A fully functional SDK development package that includes a complete product prototype project, development and testing tools, upgrade tools, production tools, etc., which reduces customer development work and accelerates project implementation.
Start Implementing My Bluetooth Auracast™ Broadcast Audio Total Solution Application
Clarify functional and performance specifications of the software product through comprehensive analysis of target user demographics and market positioning, establishing clear guidelines for subsequent development.
Feature Definition: Identify core functionalities such as Bluetooth unlocking, PIN code access, remote control, security alarms, etc.
User Needs: Consider user habits and security requirements to determine the lock's UI and operation methods.
Clearly identify the functional requirements and performance metrics for the Data-Transfer project, such as data volume and data rate, number of Bluetooth links, and power consumption requirements.
Clarify functional and performance specifications of the dual mode Bluetooth controller through comprehensive analysis of target user demographics and market positioning, establishing clear guidelines for subsequent development.
a)Select appropriate Bluetooth Mesh roles based on product functions (e.g., lighting, sensors, gateway).
b)Complete hardware selection using the reference selection table.
Register an account
Apply for product plan ID
a)Purchase official evaluation boards from online stores.
b)Download SDK toolkits (including Mesh protocol stack, basic sample code, and configuration tools) via the developer portal.
Select suitable chip solutions based on the target user's needs, and comprehensively evaluate their computational performance, power consumption, cost-effectiveness, and supply chain stability.
Chip Selection: Based on the functional requirements, determine the required Bluetooth protocols, chip power consumption, IO count. Use the selection guide to choose the appropriate chip.
Evaluation Board Purchase: Purchase the corresponding evaluation board from online stores for functionality evaluation and performance testing to ensure the hardware platform meets the design requirements.
Chip Selection: Refer to the component selection guide to choose a suitable chip that ensures stable connectivity and fast response.
Evaluation Board Purchase: Buy the corresponding evaluation board from online stores for functional assessment and performance testing to verify hardware compatibility.
Evaluate candidate ICs based on computational performance, power efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and supply chain reliability to pre-qualify key components for the Bill of Materials (BOM).
Design the software architecture with modular principles and interface protocols to ensure operational efficiency, maintainability, and scalability.
App Development: Development based on the Common SDK for secondary development to achieve smart lock functions including remote control, user management, and log recording.
Security Integration: Implement advanced encryption and security protocols to ensure data transmission and storage safety.
SDK Download Portal: RTK8762C SDK | RTK8762D SDK | RTK8762E SDK | RTK87x2G SDK
Refer to the guidance document on the data transfer solution to develop the UART command and data transfer process on the MCU controller.
If you are using Bluetooth Low Energy SoC or Bluetooth Dual Mode SoC and require software customization, you may refer to the Bluetooth Low Energy/Bluetooth SoC Data Transfer SDK and related documents.
Reference links: RTL8762CMF, RTL8762EMF, RTL8761ATT, RTL87x3BFx.
Design the software architecture of dual mode Bluetooth controller with modular principles and interface protocols to ensure operational efficiency, maintainability, and scalability.
a)Network configuration: Use Provisioning role to complete device onboarding and key distribution.
b)Scenario-based development: Implement device functions based on Model specifications (e.g., dimming control with Lighting-related Models).
Select chips and develop product
Obtaining Find My Certification
a)Functional verification: Message transmission success rate testing and multi-node stress testing.
b)Certification preparation: Refer to Bluetooth Qualification.
Collaborate with hardware engineers on circuit and PCB development, optimizing physical layout and thermal management while adhering to Design for Manufacturing (DFM) and assembly requirements.
Reference links: RTL8763E HDK、RTL8773D HDK
Integrate the main control MCU with Data-Transfer modules and other hardware components into the system.
Conduct comprehensive functional, performance, and security tests to ensure system stability and reliability.
Hardware Integration: Assemble chips, sensors, actuators, and other components into the door lock system.
Software Testing: Conduct comprehensive functional, performance, and security tests to ensure system stability and reliability.
Collaborate with hardware engineers on circuit and PCB development, optimizing physical layout and thermal management while adhering to Design for Manufacturing (DFM) and assembly requirements.
Reference links: RTL8763E HDK、RTL8773D HDK、RTL8762G HDK、RTL8773E HDK
Implement and optimize code on the hardware platform to guarantee functional completeness and system robustness, with provisions for maintainability and OTA update capabilities.
Reference links: RTL8763E SDK、RTL8773D SDK、RTL8762G SDK、RTL8773E SDK
Certification Preparation: Gather required documentation and test reports to apply for certifications (e.g., Bluetooth SIG, security compliance).
Mass Production Setup: Configure and test production lines to ensure quality and consistency in large-scale manufacturing.
Certification Preparation: Prepare relevant documents and test reports to apply for necessary product certifications, such as Bluetooth certification.
Mass Production Preparation: Complete the configuration and testing of the production line to ensure the quality and consistency in large-scale production.
Implement and optimize code on the hardware platform to guarantee functional completeness and system robustness, with provisions for maintainability.
Reference links: RTL8763E SDK、RTL8773D SDK
a)Use mass production tool for device programming.
b)Integrate OTA upgrade functionality and use OTA tools for future maintenance.
Conduct multi-level verification (unit/integration/system testing) to identify and resolve defects, ensuring final deliverables meet reliability benchmarks.
Conduct multi-level verification (unit/integration/system testing) to identify and resolve defects, ensuring final deliverables meet reliability benchmarks.
Build engineering prototypes for scenario-based testing, collect user feedback for iterative refinement, and complete full-process validation prior to mass production.
Build engineering prototypes for scenario-based testing, collect user feedback for iterative refinement, and complete full-process validation prior to mass production.